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==Leadership== Leadership psychology is an emerging cross-disciplinary field. It integrates the study and practice of leadership and organizational systems with the fundamentals of human psychology to create a 21st Century approach to leadership. This approach teaches leaders the skills and perspectives necessary to meet the local and global challenges of a networked world. Leadership psychology emphasizes the need to understand individual and group behaviors as a complex system in order to achieve positive and long lasting change. It recognizes the need to train leaders who are able to create adaptive rather than superficial change, drawing on Ronald Heifetz's work on adaptive leadership and the tenets of positive psychology. Therefore, 21st Century Leadership is defined as the art of influencing followers to achieve success by identifying joint goals, finding best-fit roles in teams, collaborating constructively and dynamically, and adapting to change within their environments. According to Laurent M. Lapierre and Melissa K.Carsten, without followers, leadership would not materialize and the benefits of leadership would not be realised by the organization. Followers are an essential part of the leadership equation, and there is a pervasive need to better understand who followers are, how they define and enact their role, and the ways in which followers may impact leaders and the leadership process. ''Followership: what is it and why do people follow?'' edited by Lapierre & Carsten, has a selection of new insights on the increasingly popular topic of followership. Each chapter is written by thought leaders and the book covers topics such as how followership can inform management theory, practice and education. Although people may recognize the need for change, it is often difficult to move people, and therefore organizations and institutions, out of familiar behaviors, models and beliefs. This demands an adaptive approach to leadership. For example, the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology has created the first Leadership Psychology doctoral program in the U.S. to understand leadership, followership, and to deploy the best research and practice to address challenges in for profit, non-profit, higher education, healthcare, and government domains. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leadership psychology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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